investing Archives - Inflation Watch https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/tag/investing/ Watching for inflation here, there and everywhere Sun, 11 May 2025 01:34:53 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.4 https://i0.wp.com/inflationwatch.drduru.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cropped-new-hp-money-printing-plates.png-1.webp?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1 investing Archives - Inflation Watch https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/tag/investing/ 32 32 246324047 Powell’s (Not So) Hidden Plea to End the U.S.’s Tariff War https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/powells-not-so-hidden-plea-to-end-the-u-s-s-tariff-war/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=powells-not-so-hidden-plea-to-end-the-u-s-s-tariff-war https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/powells-not-so-hidden-plea-to-end-the-u-s-s-tariff-war/#comments Sun, 11 May 2025 01:34:53 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3886 During last week’s press conference on the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, I heard a narrative stuck in neutral, neither hawkish or dovish. While Fed Chair Powell carefully avoided saying the “S” word (stagflation), he essentially announced the risks of stagflation have increased: “the risks of higher unemployment and higher inflation appear to have risen.” When […]

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During last week’s press conference on the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, I heard a narrative stuck in neutral, neither hawkish or dovish. While Fed Chair Powell carefully avoided saying the “S” word (stagflation), he essentially announced the risks of stagflation have increased: “the risks of higher unemployment and higher inflation appear to have risen.” When I returned to the meeting by reading the transcript, I noticed more than another deft attempt to maneuver through a stagflationary minefield. I noticed a (not so) hidden plea to the White House to bring an end to its tariff war. The Fed wants to resume cutting rates but cannot as long as tariffs stand as a risk to inflation.

Tariffs Create Inflation Risk

While the administration goes back and forth on whether tariffs will create price increases, Powell is quite clear: “If the large increases in tariffs that have been announced are sustained, they are likely to generate a rise in inflation”. Powell further warned that these large tariffs will also likely lead to “a slowdown in economic growth, and an increase in unemployment”. This cocktail is the very definition of stagflation. Powell reinforced his implicit plea to end the tariff war by repeating his warnings during the Q&A session. For example, he emphasized that “given the scope and scale of the tariffs…certainly the risk to higher inflation, higher unemployment have increased.” As a result, the Fed “won’t see further progress toward our goals, but we might see a delay in that.”

To add credibility to the concerns, Powell referenced the consensus (emphasis mine): “If you look at where forecasters are, they’re all forecasting an increase in inflation.” Without admitting he fears the potential of a recession, Powell followed up by referencing “forecasts of weakening in the economy and some have recession forecast.”

Thus, if Powell was in charge of trade policy, he would not go down the current path of large tariff increases. The risks to inflation and of a weaker economy – aka stagflation – are too great.

These admonishments are made more remarkable given the on-going (and one-way) spat that President Trump has with Powell. Trump now calls the Fed Chair “too late Powell”. Trump piled on by calling Powell a fool after the latest stall on rate cuts. I suspect Trump sees the hidden messages in Powell’s commentary.

Waiting As Leverage

Given the standoff in risks, the Fed has no choice but to sit on the sidelines of policy. Firstly, the trade policies are uncertain and in flux. During the current 90-day pause, anything can happen, including a sudden collapse in the ceasefire or another 90-day pause to avoid all-out economic warfare. Once these uncertainties clear up, the Fed next must wait to see impact from the policies before it can venture to take action.

Yet, I think the Fed would be cutting rates if not for the tariff risks. During the Q&A, Powell let slip that the Fed could have been late in cutting rates last year: “I wouldn’t say that what we did last fall was at all preemptive. If anything, it was a little late.” Ironically, the tariff risks will definitely make the Fed late again. By the time the dust settles enough for the Fed to be confident in more rate cuts, the economy could be deep in the throes of weakness.

Still, there is an interesting angle in the Fed’s insistence on waiting. The U.S.’s massive budget deficits need to be financed at lower rates. This more favorable financing likely needs the assistance of the Fed, whether by coaxing the long-end of the bond market to come down with “follow the leader” federal fund rate cuts or something more direct like “Operation Twist.” The longer higher rates persist, the harder it will be for the U.S. to take major fiscal action like extending the massive tax cuts from 2017. Powell has insisted since the first pause on rate cuts that the Fed can afford to wait. In the latest meeting, Powell further emphasized the Fed can afford to wait. I counted 21 times Powell used the word “wait” or “await”, 3 times Powell referenced no need to “hurry”, and another 4 times Powell insisted on exercising patience. I see a Fed in stagflation planning mode when Powell insists “for the time being, we are well positioned to wait for greater clarity before considering any adjustments to our policy stance.”

The message to the White House? Provide clarity post haste. All this waiting is the Federal Reserve’s way of exercising leverage while disavowing interest in advising on policy.

Markets React: The Dollar, Gold, and Bond Yields

After the Federal Reserve’s statement, the U.S. dollar strengthened, gold weakened, and long-term bond yields went higher for the rest of the week.

The U.S. dollar index (DXY) is still rebounding off a 3-year low. So for now I am assuming that the dollar’s strength for the rest of the week was a residual from this bounce from “oversold conditions”. Currency traders are likely waiting for the next dramatic tariff headlines to resume selling the dollar. (I currently hold a mix of long and short dollar bets). The weekly chart below shows that at the peak of the tariff trauma and drama that the dollar index reached a level last seen in March, 2022.

Gold is even more intriguing. The SPDR Gold Trust (GLD) went on a near parabolic run for a week and a half in April. Such runs usually come to climactic ends. In GLD’s case, a bearish engulfing topping pattern signaled the end of the run. GLD attempted a rebound from support at its 20-day moving average (DMA) (the dotted line below), but it stopped cold right at its all-time high. Fed day brought GLD right back down to its 20DMA support. I suspect this support will eventually give way as the Fed’s latest insistence on patience translates into a slightly lower enthusiasm in buying gold as a hedge against a Fed forced to cut rates right into the teeth of tariff-driven inflationary pressures. Waning enthusiasm is likely only worth a test of uptrending 50DMA support (the red line).

Long-term rates have chopped around since December. However, based on the “heavy” technicals for iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT), rates look poised to head higher at some point. TLT is just one more bout of economic chaos away from a fresh swoosh downward. The lows of the year coincided with levels last seen in November, 2023.

Stuck Until Further Notice

By the time of the next Fed meeting in June, we should have a better idea about the success or lack thereof for the 90-day tariff pause. The pressure will only increase on Powell to speak clarity into monetary policy. If more economic and sentiment indicators are flagging increasing stagflationary pressures while trade policy remains uncertain, I expect Powell to get more strident in his warnings (in Powell’s mild-mannered way of course). In the meantime, the stock market looks poised to join the Federal Reserve in getting stuck. The S&P 500 (SPY) is in a cliffhanger trading right below 200DMA resistance for the month of May.

Be careful out there!

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Inflation Concerns Rise at the Federal Reserve Amid Tariff Unease https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/inflation-concerns-rise-at-the-federal-reserve-amid-tariff-unease/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=inflation-concerns-rise-at-the-federal-reserve-amid-tariff-unease https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/inflation-concerns-rise-at-the-federal-reserve-amid-tariff-unease/#comments Fri, 11 Apr 2025 03:36:24 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3832 Inflation concerns are apparently on the rise at the Federal Reserve amid tariff unease. Recent comments by Kansas City Fed Governor Jeffrey Schmid suggest that a more cautious – and I believe more realistic – view on inflation dynamics could be taking hold inside the central bank. In a speech titled “Remarks on the Economic […]

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Inflation concerns are apparently on the rise at the Federal Reserve amid tariff unease. Recent comments by Kansas City Fed Governor Jeffrey Schmid suggest that a more cautious – and I believe more realistic – view on inflation dynamics could be taking hold inside the central bank. In a speech titled “Remarks on the Economic Outlook” and delivered to the Secured Finance Network’s Independent Finance Roundtable in Kansas City, Missouri on April 10th, Schmid departed from transitory narratives and questioned the notion that tariff-driven inflation is temporary.

Shmid warned that “while in theory, tariffs may have only temporary effects on inflation (although persistent effects on the level of prices) I would be hesitant to take too much solace from theory in this environment”. He tied recent tariff announcements to broader signs of economic stress, including “a decline in consumer sentiment and increases in near-term inflation expectations.” Schmid acknowledged that the current policy environment has become “considerably more complicated,” citing feedback from business contacts who see growing risks on both sides of the Fed’s dual mandate of maximum employment and stable prices.

Schmid’s skepticism around transitory inflation contrasts with recent remarks from Fed Chair Jerome Powell, who has leaned into a more reassuring message about the persistence of tariff-driven price pressures. In “Jerome Powell’s Fed Deftly Maneuvers Through a Stagflationary Minefield“, I admired Powell’s effectiveness in navigating a difficult policy landscape, but I also pointed out the problematic use of “transitory” to describe inflationary effects. Powell argued that “it can be the case that it’s appropriate sometimes to look through inflation if it’s going to go away quickly without action by us… and that can be the case in the case of tariff inflation.”

That assertion paralleled Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent’s line that tariffs are a “one-time price adjustment.” But as I wrote in “The Sleight of Hand Behind the ‘One-Time Adjustment’ and ‘Transitory’ Tariff Inflation Narrative“, for inflation to be transitory, expectations for price levels would need to revert after the initial tariff shock. Yet, “tariffs make price reversion unlikely by locking in a permanently higher cost base.” In that piece, I also pointed out how structural effects – such as wage responses, supply chain disruptions, and embedded cost pass-through behavior – make inflationary pressures from tariffs more persistent. Outcomes are also hard to anticipate as inflationary pressures cascade through the economy.

Schmid appears attuned to these systemic effects. He described “a marked increase in the upside risks around inflation along with elevated downside risks to the outlook for employment and growth,” and openly questioned the prudence of discounting these risks as fleeting. Unlike Powell, who focused on optionality and emphasized that longer-term inflation expectations remain anchored, Schmid directly acknowledged that business sentiment and price expectations are shifting in ways that could prove difficult to reverse.

Powell’s message was strategically designed to preserve policy flexibility and calm markets in the face of stagflationary fears, and in that moment, Powell succeeded. However, I remain concerned that Powell’s framing underestimates the lasting damage that tariff-related cost increases can impose on the economy. As I wrote in my critique, the idea of a “one-time adjustment” may be statistically correct but economically misleading. A new, higher price level, once established, may not simply fade away. The higher price level could reshape business behavior and household expectations for years to come.

Schmid seems to understand these risks. His closing words underscore the seriousness of the moment (emphasis mine): “With renewed price pressures likely, I am not willing to take any chances when it comes to maintaining the Fed’s credibility on inflation.” That statement signals a shift away from the complacency that defines the transitory inflation narrative on tariffs.

The Last Friendly Report on Inflation?

As the Fed slowly accepts increased inflationary risks in the future, the past provides fleeting reasons for optimism on inflation. While I have stuck by the persistent and sticky narrative on inflation, March’s CPI (Consumer Price Index) report signaled the potential start of the next leg down for core inflation…just in time for tariffs to pressure inflation upward again. From the report:

“The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.1 percent in March, following a 0.2-percent increase in February. Indexes that increased over the month include personal care, medical care, education, apparel, and new vehicles. The indexes for airline fares, motor vehicle insurance, used cars and trucks, and recreation were among the major indexes that decreased in March…

The all items less food and energy index rose 2.8 percent over the last 12 months, the smallest
12-month increase since March 2021.”

Notably, the shelter index was up 4.0% year-over-year.

The chart below suggests that, absent tariff inflationary pressures, core CPI would finally be on its last leg lower toward the Fed’s 2.0% target.

Ironically, this positive development in core CPI could give more confidence to policymakers in pressing forward with inflationary tariffs.

Bostic Concurs

In an interview on Marketplace, president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Raphael Bostic, appeared to concur with Schmid’s concerns:

“I think the pressures that are out there are not the best for our mandates. All the models say that the introduction to tariffs is going to put upward pressure on prices, and I’ve seen more reports of recession fears in the media and from our business contacts than I’ve heard in a year and a half or two years. And so that’s also going to put pressure on our mandate, the employment mandate, in a way that is not positive.”

Bostic’s tiny source of solace is that “the current environment today might not be the current environment tomorrow.”

Currency Correction

Typically I conclude these inflation reviews by teasing out some implications and impacts in currency markets via the U.S. dollar. This time around, there are too many tariff-related cross-currents and too much economic chaos to directly connect dots. So, instead, I take this time to describe a “currency correction” I had to make on the Canadian dollar (USD/CAD) and the Mexican peso (USD/MXN).

A month ago I explained:

“I am short USD/MXN out of a belief that economic relations with Mexico are about as bad as they can get. I could of course get proven wrong in due time. On the other hand, I am long USD/CAD because I do not think the market fully appreciates how much weaker the Canadian economy will get as it tries to match the U.S. in this economic warfare.”

I was correct for almost two weeks, but in due time I have been proven wrong. I have now closed out both trades in order to reassess my next moves. Surprisingly, the Canadian dollar has proven quite strong against the Mexican peso. The exact opposite of my expectations. That chart below shows how CAD/MXN is breaking out from an approximate triangle or wedge type pattern.

Even more importantly, USD/CAD has broken below a key support level at the same time the U.S. dollar looks poised for a fresh, major breakout against the Mexican peso. In other words, in the last 2-3 weeks, I could not have been more wrong! (Note how the 25% tariff on Canada and Mexico defined a PEAK for USD/CAD, a classic contrarian move).

While USD/CAD broke support at its 200-day moving average (DMA) (the blue line), USD/MXN HELD 200DMA support. Thus, USD/MXN looks likelyly to head even higher while USD/CAD looks likely to head even lower.

This currency correction took me by surprise. The move likely reflects the effectiveness and the robustness of Canada’s current resistance to U.S. economic warfare. Mark Carney, the new Prime Minister of Canada, has been quite clear in laying out a framework of Canadian resistance. The Governor of the Bank of Canada, Tim Macklem, has been similarly forthright in laying out the implications for monetary policy and bracing Canadians for the economic warfare ahead. Apparently, both men have, so far, succeeded in bolstering Canada’s defenses (symbolically through the Canadian dollar). The implications for inflation both here and in Canada remain to be seen as trade slows down between the two North American neighbors and former allies.

Be careful out there!

Full disclosure: no positions

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Why TIPS Failed Spectacularly In 2022… And Is NOW the Time to Buy? https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/why-tips-failed-spectacularly-in-2022-and-is-now-the-time-to-buy/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-tips-failed-spectacularly-in-2022-and-is-now-the-time-to-buy https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/why-tips-failed-spectacularly-in-2022-and-is-now-the-time-to-buy/#comments Sun, 30 Mar 2025 23:49:02 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3808 Why TIPS Failed TIPS are Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. The name implies that purchasing these bonds provides a way to protect your money from inflation. Per the Treasury website: “As the name implies, TIPS are set up to protect you against inflation…The principal (called par value or face value) of a TIPS goes up with […]

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Why TIPS Failed

TIPS are Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. The name implies that purchasing these bonds provides a way to protect your money from inflation. Per the Treasury website: “As the name implies, TIPS are set up to protect you against inflation…The principal (called par value or face value) of a TIPS goes up with inflation and down with deflation.” A lot of people likely stopped reading there. However, TIPS are still bonds. So when interest rates go up, the value of the bond decreases. The crux of the failure in TIPS in 2022 was a double whammy: the inflation rate peaked along with an aggressive rate hike cycle by the U.S. Federal Reserve. Thus, the rate hikes eroded the bond value faster than inflation increased the value of the bond.

Is It Time to Buy GTIP?

The weekly chart below of the Goldman Sachs Access Inflation Protected USD Bond ETF (GTIP) shows how buying in anticipation of inflation made a lot of sense. Now, inflation is proving sticky, and in due time, with the backdrop of slowing growth, the Fed will be under increasing pressure to CUT rates. This stagflationary combination should provide a golden moment for TIPS.

With growth pressures ahead, the Fed is unlikely to hike rates anytime soon. This reality is an important backstop for GTIP. As soon as the Fed started to hike rates in 2022, GTIP topped out. GTIP plunged about 18% before it bottomed in 2022 and did not hit a final bottom until after the Fed’s last rate hike in July, 2023.

Note that GTIP has been on the rise in 2025. With a current yield of 3.5%, GTIP is “close enough” to many high yield savings accounts to make GTIP competitive alternative to cash for the conservative part of a portfolio. Even with tariffs creating a “one-time price adjustment higher” in prices, GTIP should get quite a boost in the coming year. Rate cuts from the Fed will provide an extra kicker. In other words, GTIP looks like a good investment option for the potential stagflationary environment to come. This TIPS instrument could even rival the return for stocks in the coming year or more.

Here Comes RBIL

The podcast “Talk Your Book” had an an excellent discussion on TIPS and potential alternatives to TIPS. In “A Better Money Market Fund“, F/m Investments explained why TIPS failed so spectacularly: “People ignored the fact that real yields can go up too…That real rate rise cannibalized any uptick you had in your inflation accrual…It was just typical bond risk.”

F/m Investments offered up the F/m Ultrashort Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (RBIL) as a an alternative to TIPS. Here is the case the company makes for RBIL (shown in graphical detail on the podcast site):

  • A multiple bond portfolio consisting of TIPS maturing in a year which strips out rate duration risk and mainly leaves the principal appreciation from the inflation protection.
  • Gives a modest coupon and the CPI appreciation
  • Will protect purchasing power
  • It is a better money market fund
  • Avoids the tax complications of TIPS
  • Provides the efficiency of an ETF

RBIL is definitely an interesting alternative to buy TIPS outright. But given RBIL just launched in late February, I prefer to buy GTIP for now, especially given my own inflation and rate expectations. In another year or so, I will check on the relative performance of GTIP vs RBIL and adjust as needed from there.

Tariffs Mean Inflation

F/m provided a simpleton’s guide to tariffs and inflation that serves as a summary to their short post on soaring inflation anxieties:

  • When you hear tariffs, think inflation.
  • When you hear tariffs are delayed or are coming sooner, you have to think more inflation.
  • When someone tells you tariffs won’t cause inflation, you have to think Japan….or deep depression.
  • We know all the outcomes from tariffs in the short-term will be inflationary – either because they’ve happened, or worse, the fear of coming tariffs drives the hoarding of goods and services which in turn drive short-term prices higher.

Case closed.

Be careful out there!

Full disclosure: no positions

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Jerome Powell’s Fed Deftly Maneuvers Through a Stagflationary Minefield https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/jerome-powells-fed-deftly-maneuvers-through-a-stagflationary-minefield/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=jerome-powells-fed-deftly-maneuvers-through-a-stagflationary-minefield https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/jerome-powells-fed-deftly-maneuvers-through-a-stagflationary-minefield/#comments Thu, 20 Mar 2025 05:26:11 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3786 Federal Chair Jerome Powell was up to the challenge of facing down the maximum pressure placed on this March meeting on monetary policy. The specter of stagflation loomed over this FOMC meeting, so understandably Powell faced questions about rising inflation expectations, softening consumer sentiment, and slowing economic growth projections. Yet, Powell deftly maneuvered this minefield […]

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Federal Chair Jerome Powell was up to the challenge of facing down the maximum pressure placed on this March meeting on monetary policy. The specter of stagflation loomed over this FOMC meeting, so understandably Powell faced questions about rising inflation expectations, softening consumer sentiment, and slowing economic growth projections. Yet, Powell deftly maneuvered this minefield by emphasizing patience and flexibility in the context of small shifts in economic projections that acknowledged stickier short-term inflation, slower growth, and fewer rate cuts.

  • 2025 GDP growth at 1.5-1.9% (down from 1.8-2.2% in December)
  • PCE inflation at 2.6-2.9% (up from 2.3-2.6%)
  • Federal funds rate at 3.9-4.4% (up from 3.6-4.1%). These adjustments allow for minimal rate cuts this year, preserving flexibility.

Despite rising near-term inflation expectations, Powell reiterated, “We do not need to be in a hurry to adjust our policy stance and we are well positioned to wait for greater clarity.” This approach sought to reassure jittery financial markets while preserving optionality, a critical balancing act as economic chaos and uncertainty intensifies. Specifically, Powell coolly presented two potential scenarios, supposedly neither of which will trip up the Fed:

“If the economy remains strong and inflation does not continue to move sustainably toward 2% we can maintain policy restraint for longer. If the labor market were to weaken unexpectedly or inflation were to fall more quickly than anticipated we can ease policy accordingly. Our current policy stance is well positioned to deal with the risks and uncertainties that we face in pursuing both sides of our dual mandate.”

Powell further argued that inflation expectations – while rising in the short term – are not shifting over the long run:

“We do see increases widely in short-term inflation expectations and people who fill out surveys and answer questionnaires are pointing to tariffs about that. If you look in the survey world, if you look a little further out, you really don’t see much in the way of an increase. Longer-term inflation expectations are mostly well anchored.”

Powell used this argument to suggest that short-term inflationary pressures, including tariffs, should not be mistaken for a structural return to high inflation. By insisting that long-term inflation expectations remain stable, Powell steered the conversation away from stagflation and toward a more benign interpretation of recent inflation trends.

However, Powell extended these reassurances too far by parroting Treasury Secretary Bessent’s claims that tariffs are a one-time and transitory inflationary impact. Powell insisted that “it can be the case that it’s appropriate sometimes to look through inflation if it’s going to go away quickly without action by us, if it’s transitory…and that can be the case in the case of tariff inflation.” I critiqued this explanation in “The Sleight of Hand Behind the ‘One-Time Adjustment’ and ‘Transitory’ Tariff Inflation Narrative“. While a tariff can impose a one-time price adjustment, that adjustment embeds higher costs into the economy. Powell himself acknowledged that consumers remain deeply frustrated by elevated price levels, stating, “The grocery bill is about past inflation really…they’re unhappy and and they’re not wrong to be unhappy that prices went up quite a bit and they’re paying a lot for those things.” It is exactly the higher price level that formed the core of my critique of dismissing tariffs as transitory. This deft maneuver worked in the moment as no one in the press pushed back and pointed to elevated price levels as being the future concern for tariffs now.

Powell also created uncertainty about the ultimate inflationary impact of tariffs: “we also hear that people are very reluctant to allow prices to go up. At the same time we hear that businesses are intending to pass many of these prices through. So it’s hard to say how this is going to work out.” Given this uncertainty, Powell should not suggest or even hint that tariff-driven inflation could be transitory. After all, the transitory framework failed miserably in 2021.

The market reaction to Powell’s messaging will be crucial in the coming weeks. Will Powell’s deft maneuvering and lack of urgency be sufficient enough to inoculate financial markets against the on-going, surrounding policy and economic chaos of rising inflation expectations, tariff-driven uncertainty, and fragile consumer sentiment? Powell’s ability to maintain flexibility will be tested as market participants digest his messaging. The next few weeks could determine whether his balanced stance reassures investors or leaves them scrambling for clarity all over again. For now, the immediate reaction in the stock market signaled a spark of relief.

The below 15-minute chart of the S&P 500 (SPY) provides the critical price levels traders need to watch in coming days for support and resistance during this bear market. Buyers celebrated with relief upon the release of the statement but ran out of gas at the intraday high of the week as Powell concluded the Q&A with reporters.

Conclusion

Powell successfully maneuvered what could have been a challenging press conference without committing the Fed to a firm policy shift. While he downplayed stagflationary risks and sidestepped concerns about persistently high price levels, worsening economic realities could eventually force Powell and the Fed to recalibrate this strategy under far more difficult market conditions.

Be careful out there!

Full disclosure: long SPY

Note: this post was edited with the help of ChatGPT 4.0

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A Fresh Opportunity to Fade Bonds As A Marginal Change in Inflation Ignites A Near Oversold Market https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/a-fresh-opportunity-to-fade-bonds-as-a-marginal-change-in-inflation-ignites-a-near-oversold-market/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=a-fresh-opportunity-to-fade-bonds-as-a-marginal-change-in-inflation-ignites-a-near-oversold-market https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/a-fresh-opportunity-to-fade-bonds-as-a-marginal-change-in-inflation-ignites-a-near-oversold-market/#comments Thu, 16 Jan 2025 08:57:50 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3638 Financial markets set up the next trade to fade the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT). Stocks rallied (the S&P 500 gained 1.8%) and yields fell (TLT jumped 1.7%) as negative sentiment going into the December, 2024 CPI report was just barely low enough to set up a sharp relief rally on a marginal […]

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Financial markets set up the next trade to fade the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT). Stocks rallied (the S&P 500 gained 1.8%) and yields fell (TLT jumped 1.7%) as negative sentiment going into the December, 2024 CPI report was just barely low enough to set up a sharp relief rally on a marginal decrease in the core CPI. Core CPI dropped from 3.30% in November to 3.25% December, in other words, a change within a rounding error was sufficient to get a nearly oversold market ripping higher. Higher expectations for core CPI at 3.3% also provided an excuse for markets to celebrate.

I faded the move in bonds as nothing about the December CPI print changed the fundamental narrative of sticky inflation and a cautious Fed or even the prospect of soaring U.S. budget deficits. I speculated on weekly SPY put options as a hedge. I fully acknowledge that the stock market has spent a year and a half or more adjusting to every hiccup and bout of angst over the inflation narrative.

The chart below demonstrates that the eye must strain hard to see a change in the profile of core CPI. We will have to wait until later this month to see whether the softer than expected core CPI also bends core PCE off its uptrend from its last trough.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index) [PCEPILFE], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average [CPILFESL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; January 15, 2025.

The volatility index (VIX) well represented the stock market’s huge sigh of relief over inflation. The VIX plunged 13.9% and brought an end to the most recent uptrend.

Shelter Inflation Continues Trending Down

Shelter inflation, along with services inflation, has been a key culprit in stubbornly sticky inflation. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) pointed out that “the year-over-year change in the shelter index remained below 5% for a fourth straight month and posted its lowest annual gain since January 2022, suggesting a continued moderation in housing inflation.” Shelter inflation has even been on a definitive downtrend since peaking in March, 2023. Unfortunately, the current trajectory may be too slow for comfort in terms of its impact on aggregate core CPI.

Shelter inflation dropped from 7.5% in December, 2022 to 6.2% in December, 2023 and now 4.6% last December. If this nearly linear pace continues, shelter inflation will be around 3.2% next December, right around where core CPI currently sits. Thus, other components will still need to do some heavy-lifting in coming months to meaningfully push core CPI, and presumably core PCE, closer to the Fed’s 2.0% target.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter in U.S. City Average [CUSR0000SAH1], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; January 16, 2025

An Oil Breakout

Oil prices are not part of the core CPI, but its recent breakout has caught my attention. A continued, persistent rise in oil prices could bleed into higher inflation expectations for consumers. Such a dynamic may further motivate the Federal Reserve to sit on its hands with monetary policy. A 3.3% gain in the United States Oil Fund (USO) sent the ETF to a 2 1/2 year high.

A Spike In Short-Term Inflation Expectations?

Every month, the New York Federal Reserve publishes a survey of consumer expectations. This survey includes various measures of inflation expectations. The 1-year median expected inflation rate for consumers stayed around 3.0% for all of 2024, consistent with the narrative of sticky inflation. However, a potentially interesting blip happened in December where the median point prediction jumped from 3.0% to 3.8%. The median point predictions are typically higher than the median expected inflation rate, but they rarely diverge and almost never by such a wide margin. The accompanying press release does not refer to this surprising 1-month behavior, but I cannot help speculating on its significance. I will be watching to see whether this point projection manages to lead the median expected inflation rate higher or whether it snaps back to the typical relationship. Either way, such a jump is surely not positive for inflation in the near-term.

The Trade

I continue to maintain a strategy of fading rallies in TLT. Going into the CPI I owned a single February TLT $85 put option “just in case” CPI produced a fresh upside surprise in inflation. Now I can accumulate TLT put options at more attractive prices. TLT’s rally stopped just short of resistance at the 20-day moving average (DMA) (the dotted line below). A breakout from there will set up even more attractive prices on a test of converging resistance between the downtrending 50DMA (the red line) and the bottom of the former trading range (the thick black line).

Be careful out there!

Full disclosure: long TLT put options, long SPY put options

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Inflation Stabilization Firms with Robust Services Spending https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/inflation-stabilization-firms-with-robust-services-spending/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=inflation-stabilization-firms-with-robust-services-spending https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/inflation-stabilization-firms-with-robust-services-spending/#comments Thu, 28 Nov 2024 19:27:52 +0000 https://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=3575 The Federal Reserve’s favorite inflation indicator, the Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) price index, hit a 5 month high in October. This increase cemented a trend that looks like a stabilization in inflation that in turn threatens to keep inflation above the 2.0% target as the Fed continues to cut rates. The chart below compares the […]

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The Federal Reserve’s favorite inflation indicator, the Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) price index, hit a 5 month high in October. This increase cemented a trend that looks like a stabilization in inflation that in turn threatens to keep inflation above the 2.0% target as the Fed continues to cut rates. The chart below compares the year-over-year inflation rates for CPI (Consumer Price Index) vs the PCE.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index) [PCEPILFE], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average [CPILFESL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, November 27, 2024.

October’s core PCE, PCE excluding food and energy, came in at 2.8% in October, up from 2.7% in September. Core PCE was last higher in April at 2.9%. Sticky service inflation is a key driver of the current stabilization. While prices for goods decreased 1.0%, prices for services increased 3.9%. Services expenditures increased across each sub-category: housing and utilities, health care, transportation services, recreation services, food services and accommodations, financial services and insurance, and other services. This broad-based strength is indicative of a strong economy where consumer spending remains robust. This robustness also presents a key challenge for the Fed as it seeks to “recalibrate” monetary policy by cutting rates. Even if the job market needs the relief, the (services) economy clearly does not need the rate cut relief at this juncture.

Interestingly, long-term yields decreased in the wake of the hot PCE news. The iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT) increased 0.7% (yields down) to a 1-month high. Given this move is inconsistent with a stabilizing, and perhaps now an increasing inflation rate, I attribute TLT’s move to a continuation of the week’s relief rally. TLT gapped higher in relief after Trump selected hedge fund executive Scott Bessent to head the U.S. Treasury Department. Once the dust settles, I expect TLT to fail at or around resistance from its 50-day moving average (DMA) (the red line below) and head back toward the bottom of the current (presumed) trading range. TLT almost tested the bottom of the range after Trump was elected and then again after October CPI came in hot.

Full disclosure: long TLT put

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WSJ provides advice on getting ahead of inflation https://inflationwatch.drduru.com/wsj-provides-advice-on-getting-ahead-of-inflation/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=wsj-provides-advice-on-getting-ahead-of-inflation Fri, 11 Feb 2011 15:43:48 +0000 http://inflationwatch.wordpress.com/?p=1462 In “How to Profit From Inflation: The Scourge of Rising Prices Hasn’t Hit Home Yet, but the Underlying Signs Point to Trouble Ahead. Here’s What You Should Do Now” the WSJ provides some advice on getting ahead of inflation. It makes a lot of sense to buy inflation protection when it is “cheap.” In other […]

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In “How to Profit From Inflation: The Scourge of Rising Prices Hasn’t Hit Home Yet, but the Underlying Signs Point to Trouble Ahead. Here’s What You Should Do Now” the WSJ provides some advice on getting ahead of inflation. It makes a lot of sense to buy inflation protection when it is “cheap.” In other words, you should worry about inflation when no one else is worrying instead of when the protection is expensive and inflation is on everyone’s mind. We are currently at a kind of middle ground where inflationary pressures are rising almost everywhere EXCEPT the United States, but I believe the U.S. is just the last bastion of deflationary expectations…

Some key quotes from the article:

“…it is a much different situation overseas, particularly in the developing world. In South Korea, the CPI rose at a 4.1% clip in January from a year earlier, higher than the 3.8% estimate. In Brazil, analysts expect prices to rise 5.6% this year, exceeding the central-bank target of 4.5%. China, meanwhile, has been boosting interest rates and raising bank capital requirements to keep inflation, which rose to 4.6% in December, in check….

…Even some developed economies are seeing rising prices. Inflation in the U.K. surged to 3.7% in December, while the euro zone’s rate climbed to 2.4% in January, the fastest rise since 2008.”

“…Of course, the main inflation driver is usually wages—and that isn’t a factor in the U.S., where high unemployment has kept a lid on pay for three years.”

The WSJ advices selling bonds, especially long-dated Treasurys. Sell some TIPS, Treasury inflation-protected securities, because the trade is over-crowded. The WSJ is also lukewarm to negative on real estate, gold, and stocks. On the other hand, WSJ recommends buying money-market mutual funds that are only invested in short-term bonds, inflation-linked savings and bonds products, floating-rate funds, and some commodities through ETFs.

Clearly, since inflation is already raging globally in energy, materials, and agriculture, it is a little late to give more straightforward advice than the eclectic mix presented above. The best time to get ahead of inflation was when deflationary fears gripped the entire globe. Inflation Watch has attempted to be one of the few reminders that deflation will not be a permanent condition in the global, or even U.S., economy.

As always, the best strategy for you will depend upon your own risk tolerance and inflation expectations and your financial goals.

Disclosure: author is long GG and TIP.

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